Glossary of Spiritual Care Terms
Theology
(Greek theos - God + logia - the study of)
is reasoned dialogue about religion, spirituality and gods. Theologians attempt to use rational analysis and argument to discuss, interpret, and teach on religious and spiritual topics. Theology is now used to speak of reasoned discourse within and about a variety of different religious traditions/faiths.
Religion
is a system of social coherence based on a common set of beliefs or attitudes considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine or highest truth. Includes a set of moral codes, practices, values, institutions, and rituals associated with this system of thought.
"Organized religion" generally refers to people supporting the exercise of some religion with a prescribed set of beliefs.
The focus of religion may be God, Creator, Being, the indwelling goodness of all humanity, Ultimate, Divine...
Religion is an organized belief system, a way of expressing one�s spirituality.
Faith
is often based on a transpersonal relationship with god, ultimate, divine, elements of nature or the human race as a whole.
Faith can be placed in a person, inanimate object, state of affairs, proposition or body of propositions such as a religious credo.Faith is a belief that is not based on proof, cannot be substantiated by fact; such as the belief in God, Allah, Buddha or in doctrines or teachings. Faith can mean believing unconditionally. It can be the acceptance of something that one has been told by one who is considered trustworthy. Faith, as in a system of religious belief: the Christian faith; the Jewish faith, the Muslim faith, etc�
Spirituality
is the core human ability and capacity to:
- derive meaning, direction and purpose from something outside of one�s being or existence, and
- transcend oneself and connect with the broader context of life
A sense of connection forms the central defining characteristic of spirituality � connection to something greater than oneself. Equally important, spirituality influences matters of sanity and psychological health.
Spirituality, concerns itself with matters of the spirit. Some Indian traditions define spirituality (Sanskrit: adhyatma) as that which pertains to the soul (Sanskrit: atma).
The Meaning of Spirituality
Spirituality forms an essential part of a person's holistic health and personal well-being. Due to the broad scope and personal nature of spirituality we can better understand it by focusing on key concepts that arise when people describe what spirituality means to them:
- Meaning � significance of life; making sense of situations; deriving purpose. (why am I here? Why is this happening?)
- Values � beliefs, standards and ethics that one cherishes. (what did I do to deserve this?)
- Transcendence � experience, awareness, and appreciation of a "transcendent dimension" to life beyond self. (there is something out there greater that us)
- Connecting � increased awareness of a connection with self, others, God/Spirit/Divine, art, nature, etc�
- Becoming � unfolding of life that demands reflection and experience; focussed on who one is and how one knows.
Ritual
and Worship are essential parts in many religions all over the world. A Ritual is any formal and customarily repeated act or series of acts. It is any ceremony that has spiritual meaning for the person performing it. Rituals can be simple or elaborate and complex. A ritual with a specific intent is more often used for celebration, worship, meditation, memorial, tradition...
For example; in Judaism the shofar is blown, in Protestant and Catholic churches the church bells are rung, in Wiccan celebrations the circle is swept; to let everyone know that ritual is about to begin. Some traditions sing a song, some read from their Holy Books. This is a way to focus everyone's attention on ritual and all that it entails. In doing rituals we are personally connecting with everyone who has ever done these very same ritual actions and movements before.
Chaplain
offers spiritual care and support to clients/patients/inmates, their families, volunteers, health care professionals and staff.
Pastoral Workers, Pastoral Caregivers, Spiritual Caregivers or Chaplains are usually based in institutions such as a military unit, prison, hospital, school, college, university, police departments, private chapel, a ship, a long-term care facility, a parliamentary assembly�
In Canada the Canadian Association for Pastoral Practice and Education certifies chaplains and pastoral counsellors.
The term interfaith or interfaith dialogue refers to cooperative and positive interaction and communication between people of different religious traditions/faiths at both the individual and institutional level. Dialogue involves promoting understanding between different religions to increase �tolerance� and understanding towards others, rather than to synthesize beliefs.
To be Multifaith is to feel an affinity to aspects of more than one religion and to believe that no one religion is superior to the others.
Ethics
(Latin ethica - custom, habit)
Morals
(Latin moralitas � manner, character, proper behaviour)
Ethics and morals are respectively akin to theory and practice. Ethics denotes the theory of right action and the greater good, while morals indicate their practice.
"Moral" has a dual meaning. The first indicates a person's comprehension of morality and capacity to put it into practice. In this meaning, the antonym is "amoral", indicating an inability to distinguish between right and wrong. The second denotes the active practice of those values. In this sense, the antonym is "immoral", referring to actions that violate ethical principles.
Personal ethics signifies a moral code applicable to individuals, while social ethics means moral theory applied to groups.
Ethics is not limited to specific acts and defined moral codes, but encompasses the whole of moral ideals and behaviors, a person's philosophy of life